Saturday, August 31, 2019

Russian Revolution

Between 1861 and 1917, Russian society had undergone many changes. It is safe to say that every aspect of that society had been some how modified. These changes led up to the Bolshevik revolution in November of 1917. Given the nature of Russian society, was the Bolshevik revolution unavoidable Among the changes Russian society had undergone, one starts off the whole chain of events. This was the emancipation of the serfs, in 1861, by Czar Alexander. The emancipation freed 44 million peasants. The Czar knew that the only way to end the discontent of the serfs and to show that Russia too was a modern society would be to let them free. The Edict of Emancipation caused many problems these uneducated peasants. The land now assigned to them was smaller then the plots they were using as serfs. This was an average of 8 acres. There was also a forty-nine year period over which installments could be paid before the peasants were given full ownership of the land. In fact many peasants were still working for their landlords after the edict. Because of his efforts Alexander was nicknamed the liberator.. Despite giving the serfs their freedom, Alexanders actions cause more problems then they solved. After the unification of Germany between 1861 and 1891, which accelerated its military and political power, Russia too felt it should industrialize. A man named Sergei Witte, who was Minister of Finance from 1892-1903, almost single-handedly pushed Russia into its industrialization. He knew that Russia needed something to start her on the road to industrialization. Wittes efforts made industrial advances from 1892 to 1910. Between 1880 and 1914, Russia had a growth rate of 3. 5%. This would have surely brought Russian higher in the rank of industrial and economical world powers. It was said that all Russia needs is 20 years of peace, without war and she will not be in risk of revolution. Unfortunately, the statement was ignored and in 1904, Russia commenced a yearlong war with Japan. The Czars ministers had assured him that the war with Japan would be an easy victory. In fact Russia suffered a devastating defeat. This leads to the revolution of 1905. Along with industrialization, Russia needed to educate the population. A large majority of the population was illiterate, and factories were looking for more skilled workers. The education of the people led to the growing popularity of several anti-Czarist groups. The Nihilists for example took very violent and destructive path towards revolution, the word nihil meaning nothing.. This group was mainly composed of young educated men from universities. There were also social democrats, such as the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. Both groups aimed to over through the Czar and create a socialist state, they had the support of students and workers, but the main differences were in the organization of the parties. The Bolsheviks, believed in a small, secret, disciplined party of professional revolutionists who would seize power when the time was right.. They planned revolutionary cells of three or four people who would organize strikes and demonstrations in factories. Among these people was Vladimir Ulyanov, better as Lenin. He was a devoted Bolshevik who was exile to in Siberia after being arrested for his action in a Marxist group. Lenin remained outside Russia, with his wife Nadezhda Krupskaya, a fellow revolutionist, and organizing strikes until the revolution in 1917. The Mensheviks, believed the party should be a mass organization which all workers could join. This mass party would grow until it eventually took power. Among these the Mensheviks was Lev Bronstein, better known as Trotsky. Trotsky was a kulack, a rich peasant. Like Lenin he also fell in love with a fellow revolutionist. He was sent to exile for writing revolutionary pamphlets and leading strikes. Later on, he became the Menshevik chairman after coming back from exile in February of 1905. When the revolution collapsed he was once again arrested, but escaped and fled to America. In 1905, a petition of the workers and residents of St. Petersburg was submitted to Czar Nicholas II. A large group had formed in front of his palace and claimed that they would let themselves be shot if the demands of the people were not met, saying, we do not regret this sacrifice. We are glad to make it. Among the demands were: The immediate release of all who have suffered for religious, political, striking and peasant disorders. Universal education financed by the state. The guarantee of the rule of law. Equality of everyone. Separation of church and state. The abolition of indirect taxation. The abolition of redemption payments and the gradual transfer of land to the people. Abolition of the institution of factory inspectors. Immediate freedom for consumer and trade unions. Immediate introduction of a minimum wage. Immediate participation of the working classes in the drafting of a bill for state insurance of workers. The Czar responded by granting the population the freedom of speech, assembly and association, starting the Duma and the security that no law can be changed without the sanction of the state Duma. Unfortunately the set of three Dumas would not get anywhere at all, despite the efforts of Stolypin, who made great agricultural advances. On October 1916, a police report from Petrograd was released. The report states that military defeats helped the masses understand the problem of war. An unfair foodstuffs distribution, a rapid increase in living costs and a lack of supplies are factors that show the state is neglecting what is happening in Russia. Everyday life has become impossible and everywhere there are feelings of hostility. When the revolution took place in November 1917, the Czar had lost the support of his police, as they did not fire upon the crowds, as they did before. The people were just fed up and would not stand for what was happening in their country anymore. After rereading all the information I used to write this report I came to the conclusion that the revolution of 1917 indeed was unavoidable. Perhaps if Russia had gotten its 20 years of peace, as I notes before. Perhaps the Dumas would have worked out the way most people had hoped. The 20-year plan was interrupted by the war with the Japanese. This slowed down Russia development in every aspect. Then there was the First World War, which again slowed down Russian productivity and handicapped the whole country. Taking all the animosity the people felt towards the Czarist government I feel these events too were unavoidable. The Russian people had simply had enough and decided to take control of their own country.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Olga Semyonova’s Discovery of Peasantry Life Essay

Peasant life is known to be one of the lowest status situations in many parts of the world during the past. Many people are not give equal opportunities compared to those that have a higher status in life. Most often, they are treated like they are not people but slaves due to the lifestyle as well as the work they have. Most of the time, peasants rely on those that has a higher status of living to get work. Thus peasants are one of those unfortunate people who are present in the world. In the book written by Olga Semyonova Tian-Shanskaia and David L. Ransel, the life story of peasant life in Russia. In order to have an overview of the author’s desire to write this type of book, a short background of Olga Semyonova would be presented. Semyonova was born in the year 1863 into a very prominent and scientific family during those eras. The author was one of the daughters of Pytor Pertovich Semyonov who is a popular geographer, explorer and statistician. Through the explorations and attainments which were done by her father, he was acknowledged by the emperor and later added the name Tian-Shanskii. Semyonova’s father played a huge role in the life of peasants because he â€Å"designed the legislation for the emancipation of the Russian peasants for serfdom, a reform implemented in years 1861-1863. Throughout Semynova’s life, she was living in St. Petersburg and was traveling with her family abroad. More often than not, she spent her summers in Gremiachka which is her family’s estate located in Riazan Province. The location of their estate would later on be used to study the life of peasants. With the inheritance of her father’s attitude in exploration, Semyonova was able to do her own explorations regarding peasantry. (xix-xxi) Semyonova’s adult life was very tragic. Although she was very intelligent there was a point in her life that she shielded her self away from her social and intellectual life. She was offered by marriage by a young man who deeply fell in love with her. However, she declined the man. As a result, the young man decided to shot himself in the head and he eventually died. After such, she mostly spent her life living in their real estate which made her aware of the situations of the peasants around their area. (xix-xxi) During the nineteenth century Russian society was in crisis. For several people, the development of the country was slow in comparison to other countries such as Germany, France, England and the United States. These countries were the ones who educated the Russians which brought pressure to the country. In contrast, Russia was very far from these countries bases on their urbanization and industrialization. In addition, these countries have a much higher level of culture and general education. On the other hand, change was very rapid and people blamed the government with its persistence to catch up with the Western world. With the decision of the government, the Russian society was lead into a revolution. The Russians who were well educated were able to view the main sources of the said crisis. As these educated people said, the resolution of the rebellion depends on the actions and attitudes of the regular people such as the peasants who composed the eighty-five (85) percent of the Russian nation. Russian Peasants were the ones who dwell in the rural areas as well as those migrant workers or the industrial workers of the country in different parts of Russia. Peasants were also the ones who constitute the Russian armed forces. Thus, this made all the parties in Russia believe that they know the diverse situation in the villages. Therefore in their perspective, the armed forces have the right to speak for the whole Russian peasantry and all their concerns. However, all their assumptions are not true. Hence, the government was not able to address the problems which are faced by the peasants. In the whole book, the study which was utilized was made by Semyonov with the collaboration with another researcher named K. V. Nikolaevskii during the late 1890s. The study was done regarding the real situation of the peasants throughout those times in order to see the attitudes, aspirations and conditions of the peasants. In addition, the research regarding the lives of these people was regarding their customs, family life. However, there is a failed attempt to present the fluidity of peasantry life. During the time of Semyonova’s study of the peasantry life, she often noticed the she was similar to an outsider to the place. As evidence it was stated that, â€Å"She constituted her own identity as a person of Western scientific culture in opposition to the peasants she studied. According to her, the boundary between childhood and adulthood, so clearly demarcated in education society, collapsed in village society. Peasant children saw the world very much as did the adults† (xxi). Semyonova highlighted that such situations were possible due to the early exposure of children in the difficulties that is normally faced by adults. In addition, the view of point of peasants regarding â€Å"work, morality and property were likewise quite different from the perspective of Semyonova’s upbringing† (xii). Accordingly, there is a different treatment of women in the community in comparison to the treatment of women in the world known by Semyonova. In the book it is stated that, â€Å"†¦the treatment of women, whose lot as the brutalized work horses and chief preservers of social bonds in the family and community†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (xii). In the book, there are many social issues which were stressed by Semyonova. With all the studies observation and researches that she had done in the lives of Russian peasants, the author discovered many things that are very much different from her life while she was growing up. In order to fully represent the life of the peasants, Olga was able to coordinate with one of the peasants in order to properly present the whole community of peasants in general. The person interviewed was named Ivan. Similar to other peasants, the family of Ivan was working on a farm in order to live. As a matter of fact Ivan’s family had, â€Å"livestock at the time of Ivan’s birth included three horses (one of which was a yearling), fifteen sheep, one cow, a heifer, and a pig. Their hut, which was wooden, had three windows and an enclosed entryway (sentsa). Nearby were a workyard, a small granary, and a threshing barn. † In addition they family had the most important necessity for them to live, â€Å"Farm tools included two wagons, two wooden, wheelless plows, one harrow, two types of harnesses, two scythes, two rolls of sackcloth (veret’ia), a sleigh, an ax, two spades, and two flails† (Semyonova, 1). Thus without their farming tools they are not able to see that there are not able to provide for all the things that they need. In the life of Ivan, it was very obvious that culture, norms and economic status was very important. Through this, his upbringing and future is very much affected. In the third chapter which focuses on the issue of child birth. Semyonova highlights that a child if brought up in such type of environment could be affected while growing up. It was stated that, â€Å"their attitudes and behavior as conditioned by the promiscuous intimacy of peasant life† (22). She again states that children see things in a much matured way therefore she finds teenagers very promiscuous and sexual even in a young age. The author also made some comparisons regarding the â€Å"our children, that is the child or the educated urbanized people† (22) against those that live a peasant life. In addition, Seymonova highlights the difference between the lives of peasants in contrast of the urbanized people. Stating that to peasants, â€Å"Deceit to escape punishment was approved, as was the use of foul language or abuse of animals to vent frustration. Patriarchal authority was accepted implicitly; might makes right, and in a sense this brutal fact of life justified deceit and other means of avoidance to escape the dictates of authority and power† (22). With such lines, it is noticeable that the lives of well educated persons are very much different from those that live in peasantry whom have not experienced any education. In general, the life of peasants in Russia during the time of Seymonova does not have any type of opportunity to move forward from the difficulties that they are in. Only those that are privilege and rich are those that are given the right to be educated and move out from the situation they are in. In contrast, the situation of Russia in the current time is far more different from the past situation of peasants. It is not a secret that there are still poor people in Russia but due to various technologies and improvements in terms of laws and policies there are opportunities available for those that wanted to change their lives. Great schools are available and scholarship grants are offered for students who would like to create a change in their lives. Accordingly there are organizations that are very willing to help and provide trainings and assistance with regards to various subjects such are welfare, health services and the likes. Through this, the less fortunate people are educated with regards to their health and sexual relations. As stated by Seymonova, there are promiscuous actions which are made by young people thus; it could be assumed that early pregnancies and diseases are possibly taken a threat. In comparison to the current society of Russia, the awareness and education which are received by citizens protects them against possible sicknesses and threats that could lead to life threatening diseases. Thus, improvements of the benefits of the people have been done through out the years with the help of many changes in terms of government processes and activities. However, problems with regards to society cannot be fully addressed due to the lack of ability of the government to fully reach out to the people. As stated in the introductory pages of the book, that problems could only be resolved through the cooperation and desire of the poor to respond with the issues due to the high percentage rate of their constituents. Works Cited Semyonova Tian-Shanskaia, Olga and David L. Ransel. Village Life in Late Tsarist Russia. United States: Indiana University Press, 1993.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Monroe Versus Madison.

Corey Salva Mr. Vieira APUSH 10/15/10 Marbury vs. Madison In 1803, a single case managed to change how America's government would be run forever. In John Adams' last few days as president, he appointed a small group of Federalists into power. When Thomas Jefferson was elected into office, and he told James Madison to not bring the commissions to an appointed â€Å"midnight judge† named William Marbury. This gave the newly appointed Chief Justice, John Marshall, a great opportunity to spread his Federalist influence deeper into the American government.When Marbury found out that his commission was being held back by Madison, he sued for its delivery. This event brought about the case of Marbury vs. Madison. Marbury v. Madison was the first time the Supreme Court declared something â€Å"unconstitutional†, and established the concept of judicial review in the U. S. (the idea that courts may oversee and nullify the actions of another branch of government). The landmark dec ision helped define the â€Å"checks and balances† of the American form of government. This case influenced how the government would establish laws forever.The biggest issue in the case was whether or not the commission could be forced on its delivery. The biggest questions of the case were: does Article III of the Constitution create a â€Å"floor† for original jurisdiction, which Congress can add to, or does it create an exhaustive list that Congress can't modify at all? If Article III's original jurisdiction is an exhaustive list, but Congress tries to modify it anyway, who wins that conflict, Congress or the Constitution? Most importantly, who is supposed to decide who wins?On February 24, 1803, the Court rendered a unanimous (4-0) decision, that Marbury had a right to his commission, but Congress did not have the power to force Madison to deliver it. This seemed like a loss for the Federalist people in the government, but in fact, it changed how the government wou ld work forever. Marshall was enable to enact Judicial Review, which gave the Supreme Court the ability to determine whether a law passed by Congress was constitutional or not. This was extremely influential in America's government, for this is still in use today. Marbury was never appointed a Justice of Peace in the District of Columbia.

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Basic Senior Year Financial Questions Assignment - 1

Basic Senior Year Financial Questions - Assignment Example Net present value recognizes time value of money and such appreciates that a shilling now is more valuable than a shilling tomorrow and the two can only be compared if they are at their present value. This is another modern method of discounting cash flow because the technique uses the principle of NPV. It is defined as the rate which the present value of cash outflows of an investment equates the initial capital invested. IRR will accept a venture if its IRR is higher than or equal to the minimum required rate of return which is usually the cost of finance also known as the cut off rate or hurdle rate, and in this case IRR will be the highest rate of interest a firm would be ready to pay to finance a project using borrowed funds and without being financially worse off by paying back the loan (the principal and accrued interest) out of the cash flows generated by that project. Thus, IRR is the break-even rate of borrowing from commercial banks. This method gauges the viability of a venture by taking the inflows and outflows over time to ascertain how soon a venture can payback and for this reason PBP (or payout period or payoff) is that period of time or duration it will take an investment venture to generate sufficient cash inflows to payback the cost of such investment. This is a popular approach among the traditional financial managers because it helps them ascertain the time it will take to recoup in form of cash from operations the original cost of the venture. This method is usually an important preliminary screening stage of the viability of the venture and it may yield clues to profitability although in principle it will measure how fast a venture may payback rather than how much a venture will generate in profits and yet the main objectives of an investment is not to recoup the original cost but also to earn a profit for the owners or

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 67

Discussion - Assignment Example Firstly, to proof own prediction author bases his hypothesis about the possibility of a danger from the â€Å"hostess† program on a case which â€Å"already happened at the University of Colorado† (DeRosa, 2009). Second, calling on personal experience author tells his family history what gives him an opportunity to reveal a historical underground of the problem. Third, â€Å"hostess† program is a symbol for a bigger problem. Author adduces other examples (women in show business etc.) to connect a â€Å"hostess† program to the common modern tendency. â€Å"I have read two news articles in the campus newspaper about recruiting practices that made me a little perplexed†, - DeRosa (2009) speaks about what has reasoned him for writing an article. While coming with the conclusion that â€Å"recruiting practice is an insult to the women of the university† DeRosa (2009) reveals a bigger problem: despite that â€Å"over the last hundred years, women have traveled a rocky road to greater equality†, and for now â€Å"women have made impressive gains in their professional lives†, â€Å"they have also come to be seen, more and more, as objects†. I tend to agree with DeRosa: women’s objectification truly exists in our world. Besides there’re a lot of countries in modern society women rights still aren’t equal to men’s ones. The second version of the article seems to me more socially important than the first one, because it conveys a problem, not only DeRosa’s personal view. DeRosa, S. (2009). The Objectification of Woman. Who’s Fault Is it? In Duane Roen, Gregory R. Glau, and Barry M. Maid (Eds.), The McGraw-Hill Guide: Writing for College, Writing for Life (pp. 217-21). New York:

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Housing In Jerusalem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Housing In Jerusalem - Essay Example Finally, a brief discussion on how NGOs and the international media interpret and represent this unique dynamic will be represented. Firstly, it must be understood that the key economic challenge of housing within Jerusalem has to do with the fact that the demand for housing is extraordinarily high. There are ultimately two reasons for this. The first of these reasons has to do with the ongoing efforts of the Israeli government to settle more Jewish people from around the world within Israel’s borders. As such, the strain to continually create new housing and new infrastructure places a high strain on limited resources and creates a situation in which the price for these accommodations is exorbitantly high. What this in turn effects is a situation in which only the ultra rich can afford to live anywhere near Jerusalem itself; necessarily reducing the possibility for the cities sizeable Arab minority to be able to afford to buy new housing. The second issue that affects the high cost and extreme high demand of housing has to do with the culturally high fertility rates that are exhibited amongst both the Jew ish and Arab population of Jerusalem. As a direct result of this, the overall number of individuals that reach maturity and seek out accommodations within the city that they call home increases exponentially each and every year (Schmemann 4). Not surprisingly, as with almost every other issue, the way in which NGOs and the international media approach this issue of population growth within Jerusalem, and more generally within Israel, is somewhat warped. As such, stakeholders oftentimes assume that the pressures on the housing market within Jerusalem are contingent upon the immigrants to Israel that are brought in as a function of collecting ethnically Jewish individuals from around the globe and settling them in Israel. As such,

Monday, August 26, 2019

Strategic PR Planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic PR Planning - Research Paper Example Additionally, Noah’s Ark aim at attaining a significant growth in the work force as well as in the services it offers. In its effort to create a strong positive relationship with public, the organization has established an effective public relations headed by Louise Baring. This entails introduction of a feedback system through which public can make their contributions on affairs of the organization. As the demand for its activities increase, Noah’s Ark has the opportunity of using social media to create a stronger PR plan. This paper covers the strategic PR plan that covers use of Friends of Noah’s as a face group account that will ensure better communication between the organization and the public. Despite the forces such high costs and disruption that would offer resistance to the plan, Noah’s Ark new PR plan will be implemented. The PR targets parents with disabled children as well as providers of care to the children requiring special needs. The PR pl an will be undertaken within a period of 26 months starting from November 2013 to December 2015. PR estimated budget is $2,080,000. To ensure that the Noah’s Ark PR plan attains its goals, the management will undertake interim and annual evaluations through the use of content analysis, emulate surveys, focus groups, ethnographic studies and feedback analysis. Introduction Noah’s Ark is an organization that is based in Australia with an aim of providing sustainable support for children who are disabled as well as those who require additional needs. Having been established in 1976, the organization provides quality professional services to the care providers and parents in order for them to acquire best options that ensure their children attain full potential. As the organization’s client base expands, Noah’s Ark has expanded its programs to include special training, regular workshops, Early Childhood Intervention Programs (ECIS), Inclusion and Professional Support Program (IPSP) and National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). This implies that to maintain its target market that includes parents with disabled children, carers of disabled children and LACs power holders in NDIS, the organization must maintain effective public relations. Noah’s Ark values include provision of professional services, provision of expertise and extensive knowledge, maintenance of ethics and integrity, innovation and timely response to the changing needs of the society. It is in this regard that the organization has established a communication department under the leadership of Louise Baring. Holding a Bachelor of Communication in public relations, Louise has a wide experience that acts as a key strength for the organization. To meet the needs of its target market, there is need to reposition the organization as a major aspect of improving its PR. This paper will identify the public relations strategy that Noah’s Ark will emulate in order to attain its objectives and attain a competitive edge in the hospitality industry. Background Noah’s Ark should emulate a strategic PR planning in order to ensure that it builds its own capacity as well as standing up for the rights of children with disability.

Sunday, August 25, 2019

The Strategic of Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Strategic of Zara - Essay Example The company is also endowed with experienced human resources beginning with the company’s chief executive officer. For instance, the company boasts of a 200 person strong innovative team that is inspired by customers’ need for value and quality. Moreover, the company’s commitment to environmental sustainability is a boost to its image given that there has been a push for environmentally friendly products in the recent years due to climate change concerns worldwide. The company’s product portfolio is full of a variety of apparel and accessories for women, children, and men from all corners of the globe. The company has a good product positioning strategy with its stores adopting different outlook and setups that vary with the respective countries or regions of operations. The company has adopted best practice for its daily operations. For instance, the company uses the just in time inventory management technique to ensure that it effectively manages the lev els of inventory in its storage facility and deliver the products according to demand. This technique has helped the company to eliminate the wastes associated with inappropriate inventory management. It is also notable that the company’s internationalization strategy has been advantageous for its completion. The company has been aggressively involved in expansion in the recent years with the approach taken including the use of franchises and licenses in far-flung markets. As a result, the company has positioned itself as a global leader in the design, manufacture.... Internal Environment One of the common methods of evaluating a company’s internal environment is through the use of SWOT analysis (Henry, 2008). Zara Company has various strengths and weaknesses. To begin, some of the strengths of the company as depicted in its relative strength in the market include: Originality of the company’s products that has distinguished it from its competitors. The company’s products are distinct in terms of design and this has made them identifiable. The company has dedicated staffs that are committed to personalized customer service. With experts in the fashion and design industry led by the CEO, the company’s human resources is unmatched. The stores and outlets across the globe are fully managed by the company as opposed to licensees and franchises used by other industry players. This has helped the company control the quality of products sold in the outlets. The company has also an admirable production line that is able to prod uce new products within short timelines. Technology use has been enhanced in the manufacturing segment for efficiency. Costs of the company’s products are relatively lower attracting many buyers. With relatively lower prices, the company’s attract high sales volumes. A well managed supply and value chain that ensures distribution of products required standards. The centralised warehouse acts a is within good regulator in the company’s revolutionalised distribution system. Apart from the company’s numerous strengths, the company still has weaknesses as outlined below: The company is yet to have a good advertising campaign that has had a negative impact on its brand recognition

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Americ's History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Americ's History - Essay Example Thus, the people became less empowered while the central government became more controlling and powerful. By design, when the Constitution was ratified, the states were empowered. However, over time a gradual drift toward a dominant national government has become evident. Two distinct political positions began to evolve from the colonists. Most Americans considered citizen "virtue" fundamental to any successful republican government. Because political power no longer rested with the central, all-powerful authority of the king, individuals in a republic needed to sacrifice their personal self-interest to the public good. The collective good of the people mattered more than the private rights and interests of individuals. Yet, not all Patriots agreed with this viewpoint defining republicanism. Some favored a republic ruled by a group of talented and educated elite. Republicanism for them meant an end to hereditary aristocracy, but not an end to all social hierarchy. These more conservative republicans feared that the fervor for liberty would overwhelm the stability of the social order. They watched with great concern as the lower-class in society - the poor farmers, tenants, and laboring classes in towns and cities seemed to embrace a kind of republica nism with a level playing field. Thus, two groups of people formed different political ideologies. The first weak national government, the Articl... They were eager to persuade their fellow citizens to amend the Articles of Confederation in favor of a muscular central government. But the poorer states' rights people played down the talk of anarchy from Shays rebellion. Many were debtors who feared that a powerful federal government would force them to pay their creditors. Yet, both groups agreed, the Confederation needed some strengthening. Instead of revising the Articles, the well-off delegates to the Constitutional Convention created a charter for a whole new government. In a series of compromises, the convention produced a plan that provided for a vigorous central government, a strong executive, and protection for property, while still upholding republican principles and states' rights. The American people were somewhat astonished, so well had the secrets of the convention been concealed. The public had expected the old Articles of Confederation to be patched up; now it was handed a startling new document in which, many thought, the precious jewel of state sovereignty was swallowed up. One of the hottest debates of American history forthwith erupted. The antifederalists, who opposed the stronger federal government, were arrayed against the federalists, who obviously favored it. Some of the leaders of the antifederalist camp included prominent revolutionaries like Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, and Richard Henry Lee. Their followers consisted primarily, though not exclusively, of states' rights devotees, backcountry dwellers, and one-horse farmers - in general, the poorest classes. Large numbers of antifederalists saw in the Constitution a plot by the upper crust to steal power back from the common

Friday, August 23, 2019

Fundamental health law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fundamental health law - Essay Example Mr. Russell wants to go ahead and sue the state that giving him the vaccine against his will is a complete violation of his personal autonomy under the 14th amendment of the constitution of the United States. Mr. Russell has a valid argument in his wish to file for a case against the state, despite the fact that the U.S constitution does not have any direct rights to privacy, however one is entitled to a right of privacy under the personal autonomy, an individual is allowed to choose whether to take part in precise activities, or subject themselves to particular acts. This precise personal autonomy is a liberty that is safeguarded by the due process clause of the 14th amendment; this liberty is defined in a general and narrow way whereby one is entitled to the rights of privacy in the family, child rearing ad other social activities. With this in mind, it is legal for Mr. Russell to refuse to be vaccinated. A good references case to why Mr. Russell have a viable argument in court the Jacobson v. Massachusetts in 1905 at the United States .Supreme Court. The implication of the Jacobson v. Massachusetts in relation to the one of Mr. Russell’s vs. the State is the rights to pressure citizens in circumstances that are not applicable. The case at hand was whether the state had the right to force Mr. Jacobson to receive a vaccination. This is after a law had been passed in the Massachusetts sin the year 1902 that required all people who had not received any vaccination for the last five years to receive one, failure to that would result to a fine. Jacobson declined to this order and the fine as well and filed for a case against the state, his argument was the state invaded on his personal autonomy. The Supreme Court in Massachusetts ruled in favor of the state, this was because despite the legal personal autonomy rights that an individual

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Political Leadership Essay Example for Free

Political Leadership Essay Political Leadership and the Problem of the Charismatic Power Author(s): Carl J. Friedrich Source: The Journal of Politics, Vol. 23, No. 1, (Feb. , 1961), pp. 3-24 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Southern Political Science Association Stable URL: http://www. jstor. org/stable/2127069 Accessed: 04/08/2008 17:34 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTORs Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www. jstor. org/page/info/about/policies/terms. jsp. JSTORs Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www. jstor. org/action/showPublisher? publisherCode=cup. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [emailprotected] org. http://www. jstor. org POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND THE PROBLEM OF THE CHARISMATIC POWER* CARLJ. FRIEDRICH Harvard University. introduced sociology into and its derivatives, THE TERM charisma many years ago by a Germansociologist, has lately been spreading into political science here and abroad. The intellectuals desire to sound profound by the use of unfamiliar words may have a share in this fad, but it would seem that the term also responds to a very real need. One recent writer goes so far as to define charisma as the right to rule by virtue of what they (the leaders) have been and are. Needless to say, such vagueness is a far cry from the original usage. 1 In order to be able to assess the utility of the concept of charismatic leadership, charismatic authority (and legitimacy) and charismatic power and rule, it will be necessary to clarify the phenomena of power, rule and leadership which are supposed to be qualified by this quality of being charismatic. Power is a central concern of political science. It is a phenomenon which is universally recognized, but difficult to understand. Like all data of the real world, it defies rigorous definition. Most famous among the attempts at definition is that of Hobbes. He states that power is the present means to secure some future apparent good. (Leviathan Chap. 10) Such a definition (while historically important as a challenge to the traditional notion that what is good can be authoritatively known)2 is both too broad and too narrow. Too broad, because it makes it impossible to distinguish power from wealth; for what is wealth but a present *Based upon a paper delivered at the 1960 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, New York, on September 9, 1960. The problems here discussed will be more fully developed within a systematic context in a forthcoming book on this and related issues. Max Weber, Wirtschaft und GeselIschaft, 1922, Part I, Chap. 3, paras. 1014; Part III, Chap. 9, and elsewhere. An abbreviated edition of Talcott Parsons and Henderson was published under the title The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. The discussion of charisma and charismatic leadership is found on pp. 358ff. The statement quoted on charisma is found in M. S. Lipsett, Political Man (1959) p. 49. 2Hobbes, in consequence, denied the notion of a summum bonum; these Doints were rightly stressed in comments by David Spitz. [3] 4 THE JOURNAL OF POLITICS [Vol. 23 means to secure some future apparent good? Hobbes reply to such an objection would have been, of course, that wealth is a form of power; he says as much in the discussion that follows his definition. Whatever may be the argument here on broad philosophical grounds, it is operationally important today to draw this distinction, in order to differentiate political from economic concerns and thus politics from economics. Actually so broad a definition as Hobbes really identifies power with the totality of resources available to a man to realize his values or purposes. If power is thus defined, what does it mean to say that life is but a ceaseless search for power after power unto death-the famous claim of Hobbes and recited to this day? It simply says that men seek that which they desire, which is little short of tautological. But Hobbes definition is not only too broad; it is also too narrow. For it talks of power as if it were a thing, something to have and to hold, and may be to sit upon like a bag of gold. Power at times possesses this quality, but at other times not at all, and it is important to see it in its dual nature, because only this Janusfaced quality gives to power the perplexing dynamic quality which men feel but find it difficult to account for. Power is not only a thing, a possession, but it is also a relation, as Locke insists in his Essay on Human Understanding (Bk. II, Chap 21) where he states are (powers relations, not agents. If power is looked at in the dimension of time, it becomes clear that its relational quality is the more evident, the longer the time span involved. For it is in the rise and the decline of political power, whether of individuals or of larger groups that the relational quality, the fact that power is always power over other men, becomes evident. In a certain sense, therefore, it is possible to say that the stress upon its quality as a thing, a possession to have and to hold, is the result of an illusion. But such a statement is not wholly justified. Due to the institutionalization of power relationships, presently to be discussed, the power attached to a certain office is a thing, a possession to have and to hold. To be sure, the office may be lost as a result of the way the power is used, but while the office is held, the power is in the hands of him who holds it. Therefore it is appropriate to say that power is to some extent 8It is curious and has been noted occasionallythat Locke in his Essays on Civil Government (I1,4) builds the argument upon Hobbes concept, though the other notion, implicit in his general philosophy, also plays its part. 1961] POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND CHARISMATIC POWER 5 a possession p(l), and to some extent a relation p(2). It is the ratio of the two ingredients which political science must continuously be concerned with. The difference between political phenomena in which the ratio of p(l) and p(2) is greater than one, and those in which the ratio of p(l) to p(2) is smaller than one is familiar to the study of politics. The first is typically a stabilized office, such as that of an hereditary monarch, or of an official of a firmly established republic. The second ratio, p (l)

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

A House to Remember Essay Example for Free

A House to Remember Essay I have moved in and out of many houses throughout the years, but none of them were as important to me as the house in which I grew up. I must admit that this house, although enormous, was neither the nicest nor the most comfortable house, yet my nostalgic nature has propelled me to treasure that house above all others. Having parted it for almost ten years, some details of the house are out of my grasp. The memory of the house now stands as a symbol of my childhood. It is the only place that I remember nothing but pure happiness, suffused with youthful innocence and carefree laughter that would never fade. The front yard of the house was a vacant space with a large concrete sink conspicuously imposed in one corner. Grandma used to stand upon the red brick pavement in front of this sink every morning; cleaning vegetables for meals, washing clothes from the day before, or scrubbing pots and bowls in soapy water. When grandma was doing her chores at the sink, I would stagger into the yard with my little green wooden chair dragging behind, set it a few feet from grandma, sit down and watch her hands maneuver among the items with fascinated eyes. Every now and then, along the clanks of hardware, some bubbles struggled free of gravity and rose into the air. That was when I would routinely utter an excited yelp and kick back my chair to chase the bubbles, which reflected sunlight more colorfully than crystal balls in the cheerful crisp mornings. If I were lucky, grandma would give me a little basin with water and a few drops of dish soap in which to play with. The procedure was always the same: I lowered my face almost to the surface of the water, intently stared at the spreading yellow solution without a blink, as if to hurry the process. As soon as the solution faded into the water, I shoved my hands into the basin and gave the water a fanatic stir, laughing,  panting, as shiny bubbles magically foamed in the entire basin. Most of the time, I could scoop up the bubbles with both hands and blow at them as hard as I could. The aftermath was predictable, bubbles were everywhere: in the air, on the ground and over my face. At this point, grandma would turn around to look at me with feigned solemnity. After helping me wipe soap away from my face, she retreated into the house to prepare lunch, while I sat alone in the yard, watching bubbles pop in a hurried manner. The refreshing lemony scent of the soap lingered in the air long after the bubbles were gone. Around noon, the hunger pain in my stomach and the delicious smell of food from kitchen attracted each other like opposite sides of a magnet. Without knowing, I was already tripping over the tall threshold that led to the living room. The living room was the dominant structure of this ancient house. It was profusely furnished with mahogany antiques that had carvings of dragons, phoenixes and other traditional Chinese symbols on it signifying its venerable history. The room itself was equally old; the whitewash on the walls was starting to peel, the red paint on the wooden doors appeared rather flaky. I would usually stop at the giant gate of the living room to peel off a few flakes of paint from its already-marred surface. But the need to go to the kitchen appeared more urgent to me at that moment. The kitchen was a moderately sized cubicle positioned at the rear of the living room. Squares of tidy white tiles covered its lower half of walls and floor. The kitchen counter and the stoves were lined up against the inner side of the wall. It seemed to me that grandma always had something cooking on the stoves, thus constantly diffusing the house with a faint yet pleasant aroma. The counter was home to a large collection of kitchen utensils; from plain enamel bowls to elegant porcelain plates, from iron woks to stainless steel pots, all of which had found their righteous place on the counter and lined up haughtily. The most repulsive piece was the pressure cooker, but for some reason grandma loved to use it. I remember countless times when I watched in awe at this strange apparatus restlessly ejecting streams of white vapor from a revolving black knob, while making incessant hissing sounds, loud and repelling, as if foretelling some imminent danger. Lunch was held at the little round table placed in the center of the kitchen. Usually, grandma would be at the table as I entered the room, kitting, strings of wool ascending tirelessly out of a basket near her feet as she skillfully transformed them into garments. While I climbed into a chair next to her, she would lay down her needlework atop the colorful balls of wool and start transporting plates of food to the table under my anticipatory watch. As soon as my bowl of rice arrived, I would launch a ravenous attack into the foods; chopsticks clicked hungrily amongst the different dishes as I mounted palatable delicacies on top of my steamed rice. In contrast, grandma ate her meal with suaveness; she had told me rules like dont eat with your mouth open dont make noises when you eat, but they were luckily never enforced (at least not then). Slow down, she would say benignly, watching me munch on my mouthful. I would mumble something in reply, but kept on devouring my favorites. Despite all these, my avarice still had its payback on me, I was never able to finish all the foods I hoarded in my bowl, thus by the end of each meal, I could find myself begging for grandmas pardon. Im so full. I whined, meanwhile searching for traces of relent on grandmas face. You shouldnt waste food, the farmers worked hard for those. Grandma said sternly. I wont next time, I promise. Alright then, just go take your nap. Upon the hearing of this acquittal, I slipped out of my customized tall chair at once and started to scurry to the master bedroom, which was located on the left side of the living room, a few feet from the dinning table. Once inside the bedroom, I immediately approached the main attraction an old 18-inch colored TV that was placed on a tarnished cabinet. With great eagerness, I reached my arms upward and stretched my body to its fullest extent; my fingertips fumbled among a row of smooth buttons. Finally, I felt  the round indent I was looking for and pressed it laboriously. Loud voices from the TV suddenly filled the entire room; I slouched heavily into grandmas oversized bed with relief and gasped for air, as if I had finished racing with a neighboring kid. But a minute later, I was already comfortably reclining against the bedrail and enjoying the exuberant cartoons. I would stare for a long time at this little black box with uttermost attention until sleepiness prevailed. The images were no more than blobs of colors and the voices were reduced into a vague humming sound as I slowly drifted into a deep sleep. When I woke up again, the fierce afternoon sunlight has softened into a tinge of warm orange. I could hear noises in the living room as my parents and grandpa returned from work. With a sudden jolt, I swung myself out of bed and wobbled hastily into the living room. There, everyone was already seated around the large dining table. Still a bit hazy from sleep, I found myself a spot between my parents, snuggled against them obsequiously in order to receive trinkets they have brought me. Dinner soon ensued; I played with my new toys heartily as the adults chatted and joked, occasionally laughing along with them at some jokes that I could not then comprehend. Congenial happiness was written on everyones face, which shined brightly under the white florescent light The house has vanished among the tides of citys reconstruction, but the reminiscence I have of it will never fade. I envisioned my mind as a vast coastal beach; passing time would hide pieces of my memories like fine sands over beautiful shell. Although they can be temporarily out of my reach, I knew they were out there, somewhere hidden, and waiting for a tide to reveal them to their righteous owner.

Core Business Mcdonalds Auckland New Zealand Commerce Essay

Core Business Mcdonalds Auckland New Zealand Commerce Essay While the role of human resources management has been under constant study in recent years, practitioners and academics agree that effective HRM has never been more important than at the present time.The significance of planning and control system is even more noticeable in the context of human resource management because planning and control refers to classic HR administrative functions and the assessment and recognition of human resources requirements for meeting organizational goals. Core Business McDonalds Auckland, New Zealand McDonalds is the worlds leading foodservice retailer, with more than 33,000 local restaurants serving over  64 million people in 119 countries every day. Similarly, McDonalds New Zealand opened its first restaurant in 1976 in Porirua.   Today there are 152 McDonalds restaurants across New Zealand, with around one million people visiting their restaurants every week.   In New Zealand, 80 per cent of McDonalds restaurants are franchised by local business people who own and operate their restaurants as independent businesses (McDonalds Restaurant (NZ) Ltd, 2012). Hence, the serious focus of this report is on planning and control systems of McDonalds HR based on work ethics and social responsibility with an understanding of the external and internal environment. Planning Process Fayols (1949) theory outlines five elements of management that depicts the different types of behaviour managers should engage in so that the goals and objectives of an organization are effectively met. However, the very first element included is planning where, creating a plan of action for future and determining the stages of the plan and technology necessary for implementing. In management theory, there are three basic levels of planning such as top level/strategic, second level/tactical and third level/operational plannings. Strategic planning is done by the top management and it encompasses the long range objectives and policies and is concerned with corporate result rather than sectional objectives. As stated in the beginning of this report that to maintain a competitive advantage, McDonalds top management decided to adopt workforce diversity and developed a HR objective. Therefore, McDonalds HR objective is to further a high performance culture that is supported by their talen ted and engaged people and organizational resources essential for sustaining superior business performance. This is achieved by designing processes, providing tools and transferring knowledge to the leaders required for developing and continuously improving such a culture (Mcdonalds Corporation, 2009). Second level/Tactical planning is done by middle managers and it deals with the development of the resources with the best advantage. Therefore, the middle managers developed a HR strategy to achieve their HR objective. Hence, McDonalds HR strategy for healthy employment experience is to provide a positive employment experience through respectful employment treatment and compliance with labour and employment law to achieve employee commitment. Third level/Operational planning is the concern of the department managers and is confined to put into effect the tactical plans. McDonalds HR team developed well in the first two levels but the third level had problems and created gaps because there was no training or development carried out at this level. The only tool they had was the McDonalds work policy which stated workplace diversity. The actual experiences of employees were discovered through questionnaires and interviews at one of the McDonalds restaurant in Auckland, New Zealand wher e the employees had negative experience of the workplace diversity during their employment. The problem is not visible at the surface level but as you go below that then one will be able to see the real nature of employment experience. Workplace diversity is recognizing many different persons at work, each one with a unique set of uniqueness, talents, gifts, skills, personality traits, physical abilities, background, appearances, thoughts, feelings, beliefs and viewpoints. It is the variety of those differences that make the workplace a diverse place. According to the research conducted, McDonalds restaurant depicts a clear picture of workplace diversity as a problem where, staffs were bullied and ill-treated because they belonged to a different race. Negative and racist comments were given and poor means of communication aroused with situations where employees were getting yelled out or replied rudely with a negative comment in their native language. This resulted as the staffs started doing no shows and looking for a better opportunity elsewhere. HR diversity change strategies that bring in many new hires of different backgrounds may have negative ramifications for social functioning in groups . This situation was created because of poor planning at operational level and nothing much was manifested through the middle managers to the floor managers. Barriers refer to those manageable influences that can typically derail best intentions with regards to group planning process development. There are ten barriers to planning but the two barriers which easily fits in this McDonalds scenario are lack of in-depth analysis and lack of knowledge and skills. Diversity is the inclusion of things, people, and places that are different and there are two level of diversity. Surface level diversity can be defined as differences among group members in overt, biological characteristics that are typically reflected in physical features which include age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Whereas, deep level diversity includes differences among members attitudes, beliefs, and values and information about these factors is communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviour patterns. McDonalds restaurant and its core basis of workplace diversity problems relates to deep level diversity because they have been ignored either because of lack of in-depth analysi s or lack of knowledge and skills. Negative attitudes and behaviours such as prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination are some barriers to workplace diversity because they can harm working relationships and damage morale and work productivity Control According to Fayol (1949) control is the final element of the management which involves the comparison of the activities of the people to the plan of action and also known as the evacuation component of management. The function of management control includes carrying out the plans necessary for ensuring that the strategies are fulfilled as envisaged. Although planning and control are at times described as separate procedures, both contribute to the management control function.Control ensures that the right things are happening in the right way at the right time. Control cycle or process consists of four main steps such as establish objectives and standards, measure actual performance, compare results with objectives and standards and take corrective actions as needed. Step one establish objectives and standards where output standards are measured by performance result in terms of quantity, quality, cost or time and the input standards are measured as efforts in terms of amount of work expended in the task performance. In the McDonalds scenario the management defined the objectives clearly but less effort was given to the output/input standards because they failed to continuously monitor the diversity at the actual workplace at various locations. Management only adopted workplace diversity, clearly defined it and poor implemented it in the system with no or less communication. Step two measure actual performance is where effective control requires measurement. Goal is accurate measurement of actual results on output and input standards. Hence, McDonalds HR goal is to diversify their workplace through hiring over time to increase productivity and decrease labour turnover cost. But the conducted research shows the opposite of what McDonalds define as their HR strategy or goal. Again the management failed to monitor workplace diversity by not gaining employee feedback. Employee feedback should have parallel established with the adoption of workplace diversity to accomplish the HR strategy and goal. The financial team should have easily identified the problem with workplace diversity with the increased labour turnover cost but because of poor control system the management failed to monitor. Step three compare results with objectives and standards is benchmarking by using different comparison methods. The need for this action reflects the difference between desired performance and the actual performance where historical, relative and engineering comparisons are considered. In this McDonalds scenario no or effort less approach to any monitoring and then comparing and analyzing of situation was conducted. It clearly showed that to gain advantage over their competitors and to stay in line with the current trend McDonalds adopted workplace diversity but no thorough control system was implemented. The management simply assumed that things were moving perfect but ignored the fact that employees hardly raise voices because of job insecurity and the managements lengthy process time. Step four take corrective actions as needed is where taking actions when discrepancies exist between desired and actual performance. Management by exception in gives priority attention to problem a nd opportunity situations showing the greatest need for actions. Hence, the McDonalds research conducted did not show any sort of management involvement in dealing with the workplace diversity problems until it reached to a level where the labour department was involved. Management had no or less interest of employees working environment and it was never analyzed or observed. A quarterly feedback system was implemented where employee can provide their feedback on their working environment but negative feedbacks were very less auctioned. Barriers to the control process can be a lot but some common ones in this scenario are less knowledge, poor communication, poor feedback system, poor monitoring process, poor implementing process which leads to less interests by management or lack of funds available for the process. Recommendations by Planning and Control McDonalds HR team should put due emphasis on three important aspects in order to take control of the situation and plan precautions so that such problems are not repeated in any other restaurant. Revised HR strategies implementing channel Improving leadership qualities Create workplace diversity awareness Revised HR implementing channel will place a central focus on behind the scene of the case study. Most workplaces are made up of diverse cultures therefore; HR needs to plan and learn how to adapt to be successful. HR practices are an important component in the success of organization because effective HR strategies systematically coordinate all individual HR measures and implement them so as to directly influence employee attitude and behaviour in a way that help a business to achieve its operational goal (Wang Shyu, 2008). Baum et al. (2007) explains the issues related to harassment and racism in the workplace could be reduced if appropriate human resource policies and procedures are in place and communicated to all staff (local or migrant) in order to deal with workplace diversity.Therefore, it is very important to revise the HR implementing channel. Wharton (1992) research also supports this his argues that HR practitioners should focus on how HR change strategies relate to the joint alignment of the group members multiple characteristics for example demographics hierarchical status and task in work groups to examine group contextual influences. Once the HR implementing channels are improved then the HR can help in improving the managers leading capabilities by providing training and support with needed knowledge. HR department and managers within business must incorporate diversity policies into every aspect of the organizations functions and purpose. HR should focus on outstanding leadership characteristics where they can train and place the right leader at the right time and place (Mumford, Antes, Caughron, Friedrich, 2008). These characteristics should have respect, empathy and being genuine such as accurately understanding employees feelings and genuinely valuing and supporting without patronizing. Managers manage change, but best leaders create change by inspiring their employees and they believe diversity as an important goal, and the responsibility for diversity does not belong to HR but belongs to the on duty managers. In McDonalds scenario HR should explain and provide continuous training to the managers regarding benefits, costs and barriers of workplace diversity and the financial and non-financial consequences such as employee turnover costs, laws and legislations associated. Thi s restaurant is need of a leader who can set a good example by teaching others what they expect from them and this can be easily achieve recognizing the many talents and understanding the richness of diversity. For example, in this scenario if a person complains regarding someone attitude, then handle the manager should handle the complaint very critically. He can encourage the complainer for reporting the matter but also explain the person about the unique value the other person brings to the workplace.   They can teach people to look for the positive traits of others and not for the differences and this is only possible if they can be a role model for respect and dignity. Once the HR implementing channel and leadership are aligned with each other then the focus moves on employee to create workplace diversity awareness. Creating workplace diversity awareness lies in the continuous improvement of the integration and social acceptance of people from different backgrounds. The overall perception of employees seems to be a very important factor in understanding their behaviours at the workplace because they are exposed to diverse HR practices rather than exclusively to a single practice (Chang, 2005). Management tools in a diverse workforce should be used to educate everyone about diversity and its issues, including laws and regulations (Green et al., 2012). Management should organize social gatherings and business meetings where the employees are given a chance to speak and listen. This type of eemployee involvement and feedback are necessary components in achieving successful workplace diversity. Managers should continuously monitor the work environment and act as agents of positive workplace diversity to eliminate any sign of negative barrier arising. If needed then employees should never be denied n ecessary, constructive, critical feedback for learning about mistakes and successes. Importance to business goals and targets should be given but not on the cost workplace diversity problems. Boxall Purcell (2011) suggests that best practices should be aligned with best fit to maintain a sustainable business environment and gain a competitive advantage over rivals. In this scenario, imagine if the workplace diversity problems continue then the quality of service will drop which will slowly affect the business. Therefore workplace diversity should be everyones business starting from senior management, HR department, managers and employees. Conclusion The future of workplace diversity cannot be predicted with any level of clarity. This is because McDonalds is a global leader in fast food industry and their HR has won many awards in the last decade. Therefore, being at such a strong position in the global market and has a restaurant which ignores the importance of workplace diversity. This report has explored a few areas of practical and theoretical development of HRM planning and controlling. It also explains around the levels, cycles process, objective and approaches of planning and controlling and uses the recommendations to control the gaps and plan a bridge between the practice and theory.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

The Nobel Prize and The Bluest Eye :: Bluest Eye Essays

The Nobel Prize and The Bluest Eye Toni Morrison's Nobel prize acceptance speech has many interesting parallels between that and her novel The Bluest Eye. The speech opens up new ideas and interesting correlations between the address and the story. In this paper, I will document how parts of Morrison's speech uses situations in The Bluest Eye. The first being that of the story about the blind woman and the bird. Morrison says, "Her answer can be taken to mean: if it is dead, you have either found it that way or you have killed it. If it is alive, you can still kill it. Whether it is to say alive, it is your decision. Whatever the case, it is your responsibility." The characters in the novel are also responsible for their own actions, regardless if situations happen beyond their control. Meaning that the characters in the novel cannot lament their life because things got away from them. While there is incest and a subsequent pregnancy involved, it is possible that the character is able to reach beyond the path set for them and exceed anyone's expectations. By talking about responsibility, Morrison is able to make people think about their lives and make them realize that it is possible to have things be better. "Sexist language, racist language, theistic language all are typical of the policing languages of mastery, and cannot, do not permit new knowledge or encourage the mutual exchange of ideas." This quote by Morrison seems rather unusual, considering that she did incorporate some of these ideas into her work. It sounds as though in this quote that by using such characteristics in a work, it somehow loads it down with extraneous details. However, in Morrison's The Bluest Eye, it only enhances the reading and furthers the reader's understanding of the time. In accordance with the understanding of the reading and the enhancement of the words on the pages, Morrison fulfills the obligation of the following quote in The Bluest Eye: "The vitality of language lies in its ability to limn the actual, imagined and possible lives of its speakers, readers, writers.

Monday, August 19, 2019

Underground Railroad :: essays research papers

One Way Trip to Freedom One hot day in 1850, a man named Jeb staggered out of the woods, looked about him to get his bearings, and plunged down a lane toward the river. He only had a few moments of freedom before he heard the baying of hounds. He splashed up to his knees in the shallow stream and wade. The dogs tried desperately to pick up the scent but the water had destroyed it. He had no time to waste. All he could think of was the North Star. That was his hope. That was where his freedom lay. (Flight to Freedom, Henrietta Buckmaster.) The Underground Railroad was a desire for all slaves. They would use the Underground Railroad when they were fed up with working for their owners to escape for freedom. The Underground Railroad is a part of my history. It has always interested me so I decided to look deeper into the history, the influential people, and the actual journey of the Underground Railroad.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slavery had lain like a terrible sore on our country for two hundred years. Many were ashamed of it. Slave smuggling had became so profitable that the master of a slave ship could permit nine slaves out of ten to die from neglect and still lose no money. Humane men were deeply shock. They protested, and then they did more than protest they helped the Negro. The Black Africans who were enslaved fought against it from the start. Men like Thomas Jefferson, preparing the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution tried to have slavery outlawed. To abolish slavery meant to abolish profits which were astronomical, profits which were shared North and South. But to not abolish slavery struck at some of the deepest principles of Americans. For the next sixty years-until the crash of the Civil War- no issue was as important as slavery. It divided homes, it spoke for the conscience, it made political parties, it challenged religion, and it turned men into brutes and in to heroes. It created the Underground Railroad. The first slave who helped a fellow slave to escape drove the spike in this invisible railroad. The unknown first fugitive, the softly stepping men and women who dared the dangers of swamps and mountains and of cold and rain, the outstretched hands of friends, the disguises, the courage, the gunshots along the border, and a long invisible â€Å"train† which chugged so silently and sent up such invisible smoke- all these proved in the end irresistible.

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Analysis of Two Kinds by Amy Tan :: Two Kinds, Amy Tan

Analysis of Two Kinds by Amy Tan In the story â€Å"Two Kinds†, the author, Amy Tan, intends to make reader think of the meaning behind the story. She doesn’t speak out as an analyzer to illustrate what is the real problem between her and her mother. Instead, she uses her own point of view as a narrator to state what she has experienced and what she feels in her mind all along the story. She has not judged what is right or wrong based on her opinion. Instead of giving instruction of how to solve a family issue, the author chooses to write a narrative diary containing her true feeling toward events during her childhood, which offers reader not only a clear account, but insight on how the narrator feels frustrated due to failing her mother’s expectations which leads to a large conflict between the narrator and her mother. By stating how other people behave or interact, the author offers a great chance for readers to interpret fairly for themselves what the reason for any conflict may be, or the nature of any essential contrast between the narrator and other adults in the story. In the story, there are many self-righteous opinions from people, which seem to be ironic to the readers; For example, her mother’s aggressive attitude of showing off her daughter, her piano teacher’s self-praise claiming him as â€Å"Beethoven.† All of the narrations including conversation clearly depict a different characteristic between the narrator and other people. For instance, a conversation occurs between the narrator and her mother when the mother criticizing a girl who seems similar to the author on TV which reveals dissimilar understanding for both of them to each other’s behavior. At first, the daughter speaks out for the girl by questioning her mother by saying â€Å"why picking on her [†¦] She’s pretty good. Maybe she’s not the best, but she’s trying hard.† The daughter actually is defending for herself and reflecting that she feels uncomfortable with her mother’s disregard of her hard work. She wants to get her mother’s compliments instead of her criticisms. However, her mother response of, â€Å"just like you,† and, â€Å"not the best. Because you not trying.† Here, her mother doesn’t really answer her question, instead wants her put more effort on trying, neglecting how much she has tried before. However, in her mother’s perspective, she has never tried hard enough. By narratively stating the conversations she has encountered, readers perceive a strong implication of the reason for a future conflict between her and her mother.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Burke Litwin 1992 Essay

Change is depicted in terms of both process and content, with particular emphasis on transformational as compared with transactional factors. Transformational change occurs as a response to the external environment and directly affects organizational mission and strategy, the organiz. ation’s leadership, atid culture, lit ttirn, tfie transactional factors are affected—strtictute. systems, management practices, and climate. These transformational and transactional factors together affect motivation, which, in turn, affects peifornumce. In support of the model’s potential validity, theory and research as wellaspraetke are cited. Orgatiization change is a kind of chaos (Gleick. 1987). The number of variables changing at the same lime, the magnitude of environmental change, and the frequent resistance of human systetns cteate a whole confluence of ptocesses that are extremely difficult to predict and almost impossible to control. Nevertheless, there are consistent patterns that exist—linkages among classes of events that have been demonstrated repeatedly in the research literature and can be seen in actual organizations. The enormous and pervasive impact of culture and beliefs— to the point where it causes organizations to do fundamentally unsound things ftom a business point of view^would be such an observed phenotnenon. To build a most likely model describing the causes of organizational performance and change, we must explore two important lines of thinking. First, we must understand more thoroughly how organizations function (i. e. , what leads to what). Second, given our tiiodel of causation, we must understand how organizations might be deliberately changed. The linkage typically is in the direction of theory and research to practice: that is. to ground our consultation in what is known, what is theoretically and empirically sound. Creation of the tnodel to be presented in this article was not quite in that knowledge-to-practice direction, however. With respect to theory, we sttongly believe in the open system framework, especially represented by Katz and Kahn (1978). Thus, any organizational model that we might develop would stem from an input-throughput-output, with a feedback loop, format. The tnodei presented hete is definitely of that genre. In other wotds. the fundamental framework for the model evolved from theory. The components of the model and what causes what and in what order, on the other hand, have evolved frotn our practice. To risk stating what is often not politic to admit in academic circles, we admit that the ultimate development of our causal model evolved from practice, not extensive theory or tesearch. What we are attempting with this article, therefore, is a theoretical and empirical justification of what we clearly believe works. To be candid, we acknowledge that our attempt is not unlike attribution theory—we are explaining our beliefs and actions ex post facto: â€Å"This seemed to have worked; I wonder if the literature supports our action. † Our consulting efforts over a period of about 5 years with British Airways taught us a lot^—what changes seemed to have worked and what activities clearly did not. It was from these experiences that our model took form. As a case example, we refer to the work at British Airways later in this article. For a more recent overview of that change effort, . see Goodstein and Burke (1991).

Friday, August 16, 2019

Sample Speech

â€Å"Celebrity Culture has gone too far† Write a speech in which you attempt to persuade an audience that today’s obsession with the lives of the rich and famous has gone too far. Why are we so fascinated by the people who make no impact what-so-ever on our lives? Why do we go mad when some rich and famous person makes headlines in the newspapers and magazines for getting drunk at parties or for breaking up with their new boyfriend or girlfriend? Why do we consider these events as a big deal and try to follow up on all the news about it?Aren’t these so-called celebrities normal ordinary people just like each one of us? However, it is right to say that all of us idolize them, follow their every move, and treat them as modern gods. I can honestly say that there is no one sitting in front of me, who never had an obsession with a celebrity before in their life. Good Afternoon ladies and gentleman, teachers and my fellow students; my name is Sinjumol Sunny and today, I will be talking about how our obsession with celebrity culture has gone too far.Do you think our obsessions are far beyond what they should be? Well, I certainly believe it has crossed its limits a long time ago. We live in a world full of new technologies, which gives us an unlimited access to the tabloids more than ever before. We have televisions, magazines, Internet blogs andsocial networking sites that are filled with enormous amounts of images and news of the world-wide known celebrities. We are at a time where we have more contact with celebrity gossip than we have had ever before.However, we are now faced with a question: what are the effects that these superstars have on us? I strongly believe that celebrities influence fans to be devastatingly thin, to get drunk and be high on drugs and they create a stereotypical image of perfection. Celebrities have become a terrible role model for many young people like us. Figures show that 77% of the peoplein this world believe tha t celebrities have too much of an influence on young girls. This effect isclear in the appearance and attitudes of young girls around us.They try to imitate the celebrity fashion and follow the latest trends. We have all seen girls as young as ten or twelve years old go around wearing tight clothing and mini skits. They spend hours working out to achieve a size zero figure. There is also a vast amount of girls who starve themselves every day or go on very unhealthy diets just to look like the stereotypical images created by the media and the celebrities.According to the National Institute on the media and the family,40% of nine and ten  year-olds had tried losing weight. This is totally outrageous and these young girls are getting influenced from celebrities like Madonna and Cheryl Cole who have gone too far with their size zero or even double zero figures. It annoys me to see celebrities who are constantly trying to out-skinny each other while this makes the average woman left fe eling very conscious about their own figures. I strongly believe that this size zero trend needs to stop and people should be much more responsible about their health especially young girls.With celebrities creating impossible standards of beauty of goddesses, more and more young adults are feeling less confident, angrier, and more dissatisfied with their looks. Without doubt our obsession with the rich and famous celebrities has gone too far. It has gone past the stage that we are even risking our health and lives to follow them. I was shocked to hear that people are willing to hurt themselves because they are willing to do anything for their obsession. We all have seen the hash tags #cutforbieber trending on Twitter.Although it started as a joke, it was surprisingto see so many young girls actually harming themselves. I believe that self-harming is not a fashion or statement. It's a sign that young people are experiencing extreme distress and need help. Another example of how our obsession with celebrity culture has gone too far is when I see people having their bodies filled with tattoos of their favourite celebrities. Although having one or two is acceptable, seeing One Direction fans with around 70 tattoos on them is without doubt crossing the line.Celebrities often get bizarre tattoos to be in the spotlight. We all know the large scaled tattoo that Cheryl Cole has on her back and Harry Style with countless numbers of tattoos on his body. Many fans are getting the identical tattoos. I believe this is really senselessand people need to be original and if you are putting any tattoo on your body, make it something special to you and something meaningful, rather than a copy of your favourite celebrity tattoo because you have an obsession on them. I believe that celebrity culture has pretty much taken over lives.It is alarming to know that celebrity news often takes the headlines in newspapers and channels above world events. Recently, the news of the birth of Prince George has received huge coverage in the papers so much thatthose important issues that were happening at the time such as the Syria crisis were overshadowed with the news of the new-born Prince. Also the death of Princesses Diana had been due to our obsession of celebrity culture going out of control. Shedied due to a high speed getaway from the reporters and paparazzi that came after her.Although the French courts ruled that photographers were not responsible for her death, it is a known fact that they were an inevitable source to her death and we had a major loss of a very beautiful and humble princess and great role model. It is clearly understood that our obsession with the rich and famous had a cost on us, and on them. Let me ask you a question. Who is your role model? I’m sure almost 90% of you have thought of a celebrity’s name. But are they really and truly the person you want to turn out to be. It is a known fact that many celebrities take drugs.We se e them getting high in leaked pictured of private parties and even some showing up drunk at concerts and public functions. It is shameful to think that we are also following what they do and putting our lives at risk. Drinking alcohol and taking drugs seems to be acceptable to many people because their celebrity role models are taking them. However we also do need to think about people such as Michael Jackson and Amy Winehouse who have passed away due to the high intake of drugs. We also see celebrities going into rehabilitation centre because they are so dependent on it.Do we want to turn out like them? On a final note, let us rise up now and stop letting celebrity culture teach us what to do. Let’s be original, and be the person that we truly are inside. Today’s obsession with the lives of the rich and famous has gone too far. Let us stop it there before it gets too late and out of hand. Let’s do it together. We’ve heard what we have to do. We’ve seen what we need to do. Now is the time to do it, and, together, we can stop our obsession with celebrity culture. Thank you,

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Branding and brand management Essay

What is a brand? A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them form those of competitors Essentially a marketer’s promise is to deliver a specific set of features, benefits and services consistently to the buyers Cadbury’s best tasting chocolate constitutes the main ingredient of much of these products including everything from solid blocks to chocolate filled bars and novelties The Cadbury brand is associated with best tasting chocolate Marketing managers at Cadbury are working to ensure this association is continually developed. Key concepts of quality, taste and emotion underpin the Cadbury brand. These core values help to differentiate Cadbury from other brands and ensure its competitive advantage A brand is a complex symbol that can convey up to six levels of meaning 1. Attributes – a brand brings to mind certain attributes – Cherry Ripe – ripe juicy cherries and moist coconut smothered in rich ‘Old Gold’ Dark Chocolate – Crunchie – golden honeycomb smothered in Cadbury ‘Dairy Milk’ Milk Chocolate – Flake – unique, delicate strands of crumbly, flaky Cadbury ‘Dairy Milk’ chocolate – Picnic – combine delicate fingers of crisp wafers, temptation of chewy caramel with goodness of rice crisps, all generously encased in Cadbury chocolate – Roses – delicious mix of Milk and Dark chocolates, ideal token gesture for any occasion – Dairy Milk – the goodness of a glass and a half of rich full cream milk in every 200g, Australia’s favourite chocolate 2. Benefits – each brand’s attributes must be translated into functional and emotional benefits to the consumer 3. Values – Cadbury’s mission statement says simply: ‘Cadbury means quality’; this is our promise. Our reputation is built upon quality; our commitment to continuous improvement will ensure that our promise is delivered’ 4. Culture – For many people, chocolate is Cadbury, and no other brand will do 5. Personality – taste, colour purple and the glass and a half symbol all all hallmarks of Cadbury personality 6. Users – the kind of consumer or who buys or uses the product. Loyal customers are the most valuable customers to have because they will buy your product over and over again Brand equity – Brands vary in the amount of power and value they have in the marketplace – Brand equity is an asset – Cadbury brand equity is highly differentiated from other brands with consumers. Brand equity is the value consumer loyalty brings to a brand, and reflects the likelihood that a consumer will repeat purchase. This is a major source of competitive advantage. Brand name decisions – Manufacturers and service companies who brand their products must choose which brand names to use – Cadbury brands include the Corporate name combined with individual names – The company name legitimises, and the individual name individualises the new product – A suitable name, must be chosen and registered; it must be unique to the product and in today’s business arena, it should be capable of international use. Careful checks must be made to ensure that the selected name does not mean something different in other languages Brand-building tools Amongst the most important tools for attracting attention to Cadbury brands are: – Public relations and press releases – brands can gain a lot of attention from well-placed newspaper and magazine stories. – Sponsorships – brands are frequently promoted in sponsored events. Cadbury sponsor the Melbourne Cup Carnival, the animal nursery’ at the Royal Show, and the three time AFL premiership champion Brisbane Lions – Factory visits – Cadbury have factory tours in which they invite visitors to spend the day at their Claremont factory in Tasmania – Event marketing – product launches – Social cause marketing – some of the projects that Cadbury support are the Students In Free Enterprise, Foodbank and the Variety Club Brand strategy decision Generally a company’s brand strategy varies depending on whether the brand is a functional brand, image brand or an experimental brand – functional brands – are purchased to satisfy a functional need such as immediate eat i.e. chocolate bars – image brands – arise with products or services that are difficult to differentiate, or to assess quality, or convey a statement about the user – experimental brands – involve the consumer beyond simply acquiring the product Over time, each type of brand can be developed further. A company can introduce line extensions (existing brand name extended to new sizes or flavours), brand extensions (new brand names in existing product categories), multibrands (new brand names introduced into same product category), new brands (new brand name for a new category product) and co-branding (combining two or more brand names) Brand auditing and positioning Cadbury need to periodically audit their brands’ strengths and weaknesses It will occasionally discover that it may have to reposition the brand because of changing customer preferences What are Cadbury’s key brands? The Cadbury Dairy Milk block is the company’s flagship brand There are many other favourites including Fruit & Nut and Hazel Nut, as well as popular cream filled products such as Snack and Caramello Cadbury produces a variety of boxed chocolate assortments, most notably Milk Tray and Roses. Children’s lines include Australia’s long time favourites Freddo Frog and Caramello Koala. Famous Cadbury chocolate bar lines such as Cherry Ripe, Picnic, Flake and Crunchie also feature amongst Cadbury brands Are there different brands for different target markets? The Cadbury brand has a profound impact on individual product brands. Brands have individual personalities aimed at specific target markets for specific needs e.g. TimeOut, for example, is an ideal snack to have with a cup of tea Consumers know they can trust a chocolate bar that carries Cadbury branding The relationship between Cadbury and individual brands is symbiotic with some brands benefiting more from the Cadbury relationship, i.e. pure chocolate brands such as Dairy Milk. Other brands have a more distant relationship, as the consumer motivation to purchase is ingredients other than chocolate, e.g. Crunchie. Cadbury has identified brand values and adjusts its advertising strategies to reflect these values in different markets. Its strategy can vary from increasing brand awareness, educating potential customers about a new product, increasing seasonal purchases, or as is currently the case in the ‘Go Another Cadbury’ campaign to highlight the positive emotional value of the brand. How are the brand images related to Cadbury’s overall positioning in the market? Customers come to know a brand through a range of contacts and touch points, particularly trough word of mouth, personal observation and use, and images through advertising and promotion The ‘taste’ of Cadbury’s chocolate has long been the focus of Cadbury’s advertising. This has been supported by the slogan ‘a glass and a half of full cream milk in every 200 grams’, accompanied by a picture of milk pouring into the Cadbury’s Dairy Milk chocolate block. This was a tremendous advertising coup and has served the brand well for over 50 years. The image has become an integral part of the packaging design and has been featured in magazines, and on buses and trains, billboards, and television Cadbury’s unshakable dedication to tradition and philosophy of using only the finest quality of ingredients and finest quality goods help to position it not only in Australia but all over the world Cadbury has established itself as a company of fairness and integrity, which always attempts to operate as a socially responsible business The choice to support and sponsor certain events and organizations alos shapes these images References: Kotler, P 2003, Marketing Management, 11th edition, Pearson Education, NJ, USA Cadbury, http://www.cadbury.com.au, http://www.cadbury.co.uk, http://www.cadburyschweppes.com Cadbury Head Office, The story of Cadbury and Chocolate Making, Port Road, Hindmarsh, SA Gain Report #AS2042, Australian Product Brief Confectionery Products 2002, Australian Centre for Retail Studies

Intelligent Enrollment System

Intelligent Enrollment System for Magmata Science High School A Project Presented to the Faculty of SIT college Global City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology by Conge, ROI Carrel Davis, Aimed All Maxima, John Voltaire Pinned, Emmanuel Mr.. Emerson Floors Project Adviser July 7, 2014 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Magmata Science High School is one of the most prestigious high schools here in Magmata or even the country.Its population is mainly a mix of smart students and skilled or experienced teachers. Students who made it to the school are mainly picked based on grades and/or their performance in the school's entrance exam. All enrolled students here are scholars from government of Magmata. They are even given allowances aside from free tuition, all of these are done because the students of this school are expected to hold the future of our countries science and technology area. As a science school, a common misconception by people is that the school has an automated system already.This proved to be untrue for Magmata science high school. Processes such as purchasing, enrolment etc. Re done manually and with a lot of paperwork. Among these, the proponents will be focusing on the enrolment process of the school. More popular universities and colleges in the Philippines have good enrolment systems. Some of them are done on the web while some are Just more efficiently structured for fast enrollment (Bank payment of tuition, RIFF, etc). Magmata Science's current enrolment process compared to other science high schools is not that good.Other science high school's population is big compared to them but they're optimism is present because of the current system they use. Most of the current process is composed of papers going through the guidance and registrar departments. Papers are important for this school as well on the interview, the CIT coordinator said that less paperwork is go od. Inconsistencies on the manual processes have been uncovered throughout the data gathering process. Since the employees themselves want to maximize their time, a good enrolment system could take care of the Jobs that would take time for them.While Magmata Science's current enrolment is still not that efficient compared to the others, the developers are planning to create a system for the school. The developers are expecting a gradual rise of the student's population for upcoming years that is why the proponents will develop a mixture of ADS (Decision Support System) and MIS (Management Information System) namely an â€Å"Intelligent Enrollment System†. This is a computerized system with a decision support function that can remove the inconsistencies of the current manual process.Since people in the school wanted to hasten the Jobs like sectioning, report creation etc. This system will do it for them with minimal management. It will also feature an easy to learn interface t hat even the unfamiliarity's ones can easily adapt. . 2 PROJECT BUSINESS RULES ADMISSION PROCESS Before the admission for the incoming freshmen, the principal will set the schedule for admission test then the CIT Coordinator will post it to their website (www. Masterpiece. Deed. PH) including the requirements needed. Their admission are only for freshmen.The applicant for Grade VII must be a member of the 2014 graduating class from any public and government recognized private elementary school; Have a grade of at least 85% in Science, Mathematics and English subjects and at least 83% in all other subjects for the first and second grading periods of the rent school year 2013-2014. Grades obtained in the succeeding grading periods (3rd and 4th) lower than the grade requirements will be a ground for disqualification. Be in good health and be of good moral character.The applicant must present the following requirements: a certification of good health from a government physician, a certi fication of good moral character from the Guidance Counselor/Principal, a certification from the elementary principal that the applicant belongs to the upper ten percent of the graduating class, SYS 2013-2014, statement of parent that the applicant has no pending application as immigrant in the USA or any other country within the next six years, principals Certification of Grade VI 1st and 2nd quarter grades and the final average for grade IV and V, two (1 † X 1 ID pictures taken within the application period with name tag of the applicant.All certification are found in the application form; separate sheets for certification are not allowed. The application form can be obtained from the Guidance Office of Magmata Science High School or can be downloaded here, http://www. Masterpiece. Deed. PH/ admission. HTML/Application form moms extranet test. UDF Applicants for admission are to secure and to accomplish application forms from the Guidance Office or Registrar Office. Only stu dents with duly accomplished forms will be allowed to take the entrance examination. The test permit will be issued to the parents or guardian upon presentation of the accomplished form at the Guidance Office. There are an average of 900 applicants who take the exam every school year.Checking of the exam papers and the sectioning of the student are done and will be processed for at least 2 months. Students who passed will have a section made by he year level chairman who made their section by having a list of the qualifiers' names. And they will be informed through their website or on the school's bulletin board. The Successful applicants will then be interviewed by members of the administrative staff for classification purposes. Schedule of interview will be announced through MOMS website. Only Two hundred eighty (280) successful applicants will be admitted to Grade VII this school year 2014-2015, those students are also going to undergo general encoding.Those who will fail to enro ll within the enrolment period will be replaced by the next in rank. ENROLLMENT PROCESS Enrollment in this school is considered as a formal acceptance by the students of the obligation to faithfully carry out their responsibilities and their expression of willingness to collaborate with the school administration and faculty. Students shall enroll on the date set for their particular year level. They will undergo final General encoding in the BEES office where in their information are obtained all of which are: LEARN, Name, Gender, Birthday, Mother tongue, Religion, Address, Barraging, Municipality, Province, Parents, Mother's Maiden name, Father's Maiden name, Guardian and Contact number.They will input these details by encoding it in an excel spreadsheet on one of the six computers set-up by the school in the BEES office. Report Cards (Form 138), certification of good moral character and Barraging Captain Certification of residence (proofs if necessary) are required for the enrollm ent. This requirements will be collected still in the BEES room, from the students by a representative from the registrar's office. The information will be disseminated to the guidance office and the registrar's office where the information will be stored. After all the enrollment processes, the enrolled students shall receive a certificate of enrolment.They don't have to pay since the government pays for their studies. The students who fail to come on the prescribe enrollment period will be scheduled to enroll after the last day of 4th year enrollees. Transferees must be a student in science high schools only, otherwise they will not be eligible to enroll. School date is absolute so anyone cannot transfer to the school if the school year already started even if they came from another science high school. GRADING PROCESS At the end of every grading period, the teachers will pass the final grades of the student to the respective advisers. There will be a watch list for those who fail s to meet the standard grading requirement, which is a AWG of 85%.Inaccurate and unreliable transferring of student information to the registrar During the general encoding, the BEES sets up 6 computers in the BEES office for the encoding of the student's information. The students encode it in MS Excel spreadsheet. The problem with this is that the computers are not networked and so the details are all separated. What the CIT head does is to copy and paste the information encoded by the student to the separate file that she made. This process proved to be tedious and unreliable so she double checks it and takes more time. Inefficiency in handling student entry in general encoding During general encoding, the student enters his/her information in an MS Excel spreadsheet.New students doesn't have a problem since they still don't have existing information. However a problem arises when the old students do the general encoding. Because the school stores the general information in hardco py documents, their existing data isn't available for editing in excel, so every year that they attend general encoding, they enter personal information from scratch again. This proved to be inefficient because it takes more time. The problem in scheduling the teachers' class load The scheduling of the teacher's time is done by the department head. Schedules are done during summer by plotting the schedules on paper or through excel worksheets.That means they will know their exam score on the same day the exam is taken. It will ultimately save time for the school to check the exam papers. Create a networked database connection between the PC's to handle separated data. To systematically connect the data in the six (6) PC's, the proponents will create a networked database to store data on only one (1) data storage so that the CIT coordinator will not be having a hard time in collecting information. It will also save time and effort for the remaining process. Create a process for insta nt retrieval of existing student information during general encoding The proponents will create a function to retrieve the student information.